Potential of Antioxidant Enzymes as biochemical biomarkers for glyphosate-based herbicide in Oreochromis niloticus

The current study examined the toxicity of Roundup, which is a herbicide containing glyphosate that commonly used in agriculture, on Oreochromis niloticus, type freshwater fish. researchers investigated effectiveness using antioxidant enzymes as biochemical biomarkers to assess potentially toxic impact Roundup sub-lethal concentration tilapia 1.05 mg/l for 96 hours exposure. fish were exposed (36.8 46.9 mg/L) period 24, 48, 72, and hours, their enzyme activities measured, respectively. According findings, exposure led noticeable rise levels superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase both liver gill tissues fish, suggested occurrence oxidative stress. These changes concentration-dependent, suggesting can induce damage concluded affects enzymatic activity organs concentration- time-dependent manner. Catalase generally inhibited, while dismutase was affected differently depending organ, concentration, time